Salyut - The First Space Station - Triumph and Tragedy

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Grujica S. Ivanovich “Salyut - The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy"

Praxis | 2008-07-07 | ISBN: 0387735852 | 426 pages | PDF | 13.5 MB



This remarkable book is a unique insight into the people involved in the development of the Salyut space station and the crews

assigned to operate it. It describes the rotation between the crews, analyses the decision to send the back-up crew on Soyuz 11

and recounts the intrigues and difficult relationships between all the personalities involved - politicians, CKBEM managers,

designers, generals and cosmonauts. Biographies of the Soyuz 11 cosmonauts are published for the first time in English and the

longest manned space mission of the time is described before Grujica Ivanovich gives a unique summary of the most tragic day

in the Soviet/Russian manned space program. An investigation into the cause of the tragic deaths of the Soyuz 11 cosmonauts

precedes a description of the post-Salyut era, showing how the legacy of the first space station has survived for decades.



The first two chapters provide the history of the first Soviet space station projects Almaz, Soyuz-R, MKS and DOS from 1964

to1970 and cover the selection of DOS-1 crews in 1971, their training and crew rotations. Chapter 3 launches the Salyut space

station with its first crew to occupy the first space station, while Chapter 4 portrays the drama of the Soyuz 10 mission in

April 1971, which failed to dock with Salyut due to a broken docking probe element, culminating a dramatic night return to

the Earth.



The following two chapters describe the State Commission’s decision to replace the original crew of Soyuz 11 two

days before the launch in June 1971 and introduce cosmonauts Dobrovolysky, Volkov and Patcayev. The launch of Soyuz 11,

its docking with Salyut and the first days aboard the space station are described in Chapter 7 and the fire which almost curtailed

the mission and led to Dobrovolsky and Volkov’s deteriorating relationship is then covered. The final stages of the mission,

including the problems with the hatch before Soyuz 11 separated from the Salyut space station, are explained before the

author details the separation of the orbital and service modules and the tragic mistake made by the cosmonauts. Chapter

10 describes the normal landing of Soyuz 11, the discovery of and attempts to revive the dead cosmonauts.

and includes the first interview with one of the rescuers. The author then demonstrates how detailed analysis found that, after

separation from the orbital module, the internal pressure in the descent module dropped from 920mm to zero in 112 seconds due

to the premature opening of one of the valves. Without spacesuits, the cosmonauts had only 15-20 seconds to close the valve and

save their lives.



An attempt by Dobrovolsky sadly failed. Further investigation identified numerous problems which contributed

to the tragedy, including the valve technology, leaking of personal protection equipment, problems with the hatch and omissions

in crew training, as well as confusion between the cosmonauts.



The last chapters describe the Post-Salyut era. After three single modular stations, in 1986 the USSR launched the base module of

the third generation space station Mir, which has six docking probes. In the following years, Mir grew rapidly and was extended

with five additional scientific modules to become a true space outpost continually occupied by humans, the dream of space pioneers.

The service module Zvezda, a modified Salyut/DOS-1, currently serves as a core for the International Space Station. The book ends

with memories of all those affected by the DOS program and the tragedy of the heroic Soyuz 11 crew and looks forward to a

continuation of the historic mission of Salyut.

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