peace revolution episode 046 liberty is life practical applications of rationality

**Notes, References, and Links for further study:**

#. `Invitation `__
to the Tragedy and Hope online community
#. `Log in page `__ for the Tragedy and
Hope online community
#. Peace Revolution `primary
site `__ (2009-2012)
#. Peace Revolution `backup
stream `__ (2006-2012)

#. Includes the 9/11 Synchronicity Podcast (predecessor to Peace
Revolution)
#. Use the backup stream if the podOmatic bandwidth has been
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#. Tombstone (on Youtube)
#. “ `Bianca you animal, shut
up!” `__
(end of lecture) by John Taylor Gatto
#. `The Utimate History Lesson dot
com `__
#. `“Proverbs from Plymouth Pulpit” by Henry Ward
Beecher `__
1877 (on Google Books)
#. “ `Who is John Galt `__ ”
entire speech from Atlas Shrugged
#. Mark Passio, What On Earth Is Happening,
`podcast `__ #
89
#. Mark Passio, What On Earth is Happening,
`podcast `__ #
84 with Larken Rose
#. `Larken Rose dot com `__
#. `The Most Dangerous
Superstition `__ by Larken Rose
#. “ `The Philosophic Corruption of
Reality `__ ”
outline presented on The Meria Heller Show
#. “ `Liberty or
Death `__ ”
speech written by Patrick Henry, 1775
#. `St. John’s
Church `__,
Richmond, Virginia (National Landmark)
#. `Solipsism `__: **Solipsism**
(
`/ `__ `ˈ `__ `s `__ `ɒ `__ `l `__ `ɨ `__ `p `__ `s `__ `ɪ `__ `z `__ `əm `__ `/ `__)
is the `philosophical `__
idea that only one's own
`mind `__, alone, is sure to
exist. The term comes from
`Latin `__ *solus* (alone) and
*ipse* (self). Solipsism as an
`epistemological `__
position holds that
`knowledge `__ of anything
outside one's own mind is unsure. `The external
world `__ and
`other minds `__
cannot be known, and might not exist outside the mind. As a
`metaphysical `__
position, solipsism goes further to the conclusion that the world and
other minds do not exist. Although the number of individuals
sincerely espousing solipsism has been small, it is not uncommon for
one philosopher to accuse another's arguments of entailing solipsism
as an unwanted consequence, in a kind of `reductio ad
absurdum `__. In
the history of philosophy, solipsism has also served as a `skeptical
hypothesis `__.
#. `Reason `__: **Reason** is a
term that refers to the capacity human beings have to make sense of
things, to establish and verify
`facts `__, and to change or
justify practices, institutions, and
beliefs. `[1] `__
It is closely associated with such characteristically
`human `__ activities as
`philosophy `__,
`science `__,
`language `__,
`mathematics `__, and
`art `__, and is normally
considered to be a definitive characteristic of `human
nature `__. `[2] `__
The concept of reason is sometimes referred to as
`rationality `__ and
sometimes as **discursive reason**, in opposition to "`intuitive
reason `__ ". `[3] `__

#. Reason or "reasoning" is associated with
`thinking `__,
`cognition `__, and
`intellect `__. Reason,
like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking
comes from one idea to a related idea. For example, it is the
means by which rational beings understand themselves to think
about `cause `__ and
`effect `__,
`truth `__ and
`falsehood `__, and what
is `good or bad `__.
#. In contrast to reason as an `abstract
noun `__, `a
reason `__ is
a consideration which explains or justifies some event, phenomenon
or
behaviour. `[4] `__
The ways in which human beings reason through
`argument `__ are the
subject of inquiries in the field of
`logic `__.
#. Reason is closely identified with the ability to self-consciously
change `beliefs `__,
`attitudes `__,
`traditions `__, and
`institutions `__, and
therefore with the capacity for freedom and
`self-determination `__. `[5] `__

#. `Fallacies `__: In
`logic `__ and
`rhetoric `__, a **fallacy**
is usually an improper
`argumentation `__ in
`reasoning `__ resulting in a
misconception or presumption. By accident or design, fallacies may
exploit emotional triggers in the listener or interlocutor (`appeal
to emotion `__), or
take advantage of social relationships between people (e.g. `argument
from
authority `__).
Fallacious arguments are often structured using rhetorical patterns
that obscure any logical argument.

#. Fallacies can be used to win arguments regardless of the merits.
Among such devices, discussed in more detail below, are: "ignoring
the question" to divert argument to unrelated issues using a red
herring, making the argument personal (*argumentum ad hominem*)
and discrediting the opposition's character, "begging the
question" (*petito principi*), the use of the non-sequitor, false
cause and effect (*post hoc ergo propter hoc*), bandwagoning
(everyone says so), the "false dilemma" or "either-or fallacy" in
which the situation is oversimplified, "card-stacking" or
selective use of facts, and "false analogy". Another favorite
device is the "false generalization", an abstraction of the
argument that shifts discussion to platitudes where the facts of
the matter are lost. There are many, many more tricks to divert
attention from careful exploration of a
subject. `[1] `__
#. Fallacies can generally be classified as
`informal `__
(premises fail to support the proposed conclusion, but the
argument is structured properly) or
`formal `__ (logical
structure is flawed).

#. `List of Fallacies and Intellectual
Self-Defense `__
(on Scribd)
#. `Gene Odening interview #4 on the Gnostic Media
Podcast `__
#. Trivium Interviews with Gene Odening:
`www.TriviumEducation.com `__