Learning and Behavior -Active Learning Edition 6th by Paul Chance.7z {Charm-Quark}seeders: 8
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Learning and Behavior - Active Learning 6th Edition  Publisher : Cengage Learning Author : Paul Chance Number of Pages : 528 Use Winrar or 7zip to uncompress this archive and read it in any PDF reader :) Enjoy! Table of Contents: Contents......Page 4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Learning to Change......Page 22 Natural Selection......Page 23 BOX: The Face of Change......Page 24 BOX: Mutated Sight and Flight......Page 29 Reflexes......Page 30 Modal Action Patterns......Page 33 General Behavior Traits......Page 37 The Limits of Natural Selection......Page 41 Learning Means Change......Page 43 What Changes Behavior Is Experience......Page 44 Nature via Nurture......Page 47 BOX: The Superior Animal......Page 50 Review Questions......Page 51 Practice Quiz......Page 52 Query Answers......Page 53 CHAPTER 2 The Study of Learning and Behavior......Page 55 BOX: Defining Operations......Page 57 Measuring Learning......Page 58 Anecdotal Evidence......Page 63 Case Studies......Page 64 Descriptive Studies......Page 65 Experimental Studies......Page 66 Limitations of Experimental Research......Page 69 Animal Research and Human Learning......Page 70 Objections to Animal Research......Page 71 Explaining Behavior......Page 74 Recommended Reading......Page 76 Review Questions......Page 77 Practice Quiz......Page 78 Query Answers......Page 79 CHAPTER 3 Pavlovian Conditioning......Page 80 BOX: Ivan Pavlov: An Experimenter from Head to Foot......Page 82 Basic Procedures......Page 83 BOX: What’s What in Pavlovian Conditioning?......Page 86 Higher-Order Conditioning......Page 87 Measuring Pavlovian Learning......Page 88 Pairing CS and US......Page 90 CS–US Contingency......Page 92 CS–US Contiguity......Page 93 Stimulus Features......Page 94 Prior Experience with CS and US......Page 96 Number of CS–US Pairings......Page 98 Other Variables......Page 99 Extinction of Conditional Responses......Page 101 BOX: Edwin B. Twitmyer and What Might Have Been......Page 103 Stimulus-Substitution Theory......Page 104 Rescorla-Wagner Model......Page 106 BOX: Conditioning and Awareness......Page 109 Recommended Reading......Page 110 Review Questions......Page 111 Practice Quiz......Page 112 Query Answers......Page 113 CHAPTER 4 Pavlovian Applications......Page 114 Fear......Page 115 BOX: Thank You, Albert......Page 116 BOX: What Rats Can Teach Us About Fear......Page 118 Prejudice......Page 121 Advertising......Page 123 BOX: Bite Your Tongue!......Page 125 The Paraphilias......Page 126 Taste Aversions......Page 129 BOX: Sheep: Nature’s Weed Eaters......Page 130 Immune Function......Page 132 Drug Overdose Deaths......Page 134 A Final Word......Page 135 Review Questions......Page 136 Query Answers......Page 138 CHAPTER 5 Reinforcement......Page 140 BOX: E. L. Thorndike: What the Occasion Demanded......Page 144 BOX: B. F. Skinner: The Darwin of Behavior Science......Page 147 Types of Operant Learning......Page 148 Discrete Trial and Free Operant Procedures......Page 151 BOX: The Three Terms of Operant Learning......Page 153 Primary and Secondary Reinforcers......Page 155 Contrived and Natural Reinforcers......Page 157 Shaping and Chaining......Page 159 BOX: Tips for Shapers......Page 162 Contingency......Page 165 Contiguity......Page 166 Reinforcer Characteristics......Page 169 Task Characteristics......Page 170 Motivating Operations......Page 171 Other Variables......Page 172 Neuromechanics of Reinforcement......Page 173 BOX: Latent Learning......Page 177 Extinction of Reinforced Behavior......Page 179 Hull’s Drive-Reduction Theory......Page 183 Relative Value Theory and the Premack Principle......Page 184 Response Deprivation Theory......Page 186 Two-Process Theory......Page 188 One-Process Theory......Page 191 Review Questions......Page 192 Query Answers......Page 194 CHAPTER 6 Schedules of Reinforcement......Page 196 Continuous Reinforcement......Page 198 Fixed Ratio Schedules......Page 199 Variable Ratio Schedules......Page 200 Fixed Interval Schedules......Page 202 Variable Interval Schedules......Page 203 Other Simple Schedules......Page 204 Stretching the Ratio......Page 207 Intermittent Reinforcement and the PRE......Page 208 Discrimination Hypothesis......Page 209 Frustration Hypothesis......Page 210 Sequential Hypothesis......Page 211 Response Unit Hypothesis......Page 212 Complex Schedules......Page 213 Choice and the Matching Law......Page 216 BOX: Ghetto Choice......Page 219 The Importance of Schedules Research......Page 220 Review Questions......Page 223 Query Answers......Page 225 CHAPTER 7 Punishment......Page 227 Types of Punishment......Page 229 BOX: Aversive Confusion: Positive Punishment and Negative Reinforcement Compared......Page 230 Contingency......Page 231 Contiguity......Page 232 Introductory Level of Punishment......Page 234 Alternative Sources of Reinforcement......Page 236 Other Variables......Page 237 Theories of Punishment......Page 238 Two-Process Theory......Page 239 Problems with Punishment......Page 240 Escape......Page 241 Aggression......Page 242 Imitation of the Punisher......Page 243 Alternatives to Punishment......Page 244 Review Questions......Page 246 Query Answers......Page 248 CHAPTER 8 Operant Applications and Interpretations......Page 250 Zoo Life......Page 252 Education......Page 254 Self-Injurious Behavior......Page 260 Self-Control......Page 263 Delusions......Page 266 Self-Awareness......Page 268 BOX: The Shaping of Awareness......Page 270 Helplessness......Page 271 Excessive Gambling......Page 273 Superstition......Page 275 BOX: Quick! Get Some Mud!......Page 277 Insightful Problem Solving......Page 278 Creativity......Page 283 Verbal Behavior......Page 286 BOX: Rewarding Lies......Page 288 A Final Word......Page 289 Recommended Reading......Page 290 Review Questions......Page 291 Practice Quiz......Page 292 Query Answers......Page 293 CHAPTER 9 Observational Learning......Page 295 Basic Procedures......Page 297 Observational Learning Versus Imitation......Page 302 Generalized Imitation......Page 303 Consequences of the Observer’s Behavior......Page 305 Characteristics of the Model......Page 306 Observer’s Age......Page 307 BOX: Observational Learning and Human Nature......Page 308 Other Variables......Page 309 Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory......Page 310 Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory......Page 311 Foraging......Page 313 Crime and Television......Page 315 BOX: Smoke Gets in Their Eyes......Page 316 Review Questions......Page 317 Practice Quiz......Page 318 Query Answers......Page 319 CHAPTER 10 Generalization, Discrimination, and Stimulus Control......Page 320 Generalization......Page 321 Generalization Gradients......Page 323 Semantic Generalization......Page 325 BOX: Generalized Therapy......Page 326 Generalization Following Extinction and Punishment......Page 328 Discrimination......Page 329 Discrimination Training......Page 330 Successive, Simultaneous, and MTS Procedures......Page 332 Errorless Discrimination Training......Page 333 Differential Outcomes Effect......Page 334 Stimulus Control......Page 336 BOX: Stimulus Control and Adaptation......Page 338 Pavlov’s Theory......Page 339 Spence’s Theory......Page 340 The Lashley-Wade Theory......Page 342 Concept Formation......Page 344 Mental Rotation......Page 347 Smoking Relapse......Page 349 Experimental Neuroses......Page 351 Recommended Reading......Page 352 Review Questions......Page 353 Query Answers......Page 354 CHAPTER 11 Memory and Forgetting......Page 356 Declarative Memories......Page 358 BOX: The Myth of Permanent Memory......Page 359 Nondeclarative Memory......Page 361 Where Do Memories Live?......Page 362 Defining Forgetting......Page 364 BOX: Reminiscence and the State of Learning......Page 365 Measuring Forgetting......Page 366 Variables in Forgetting......Page 369 Degree of Learning......Page 370 Prior Learning......Page 371 Subsequent Learning......Page 374 Context......Page 375 Foraging......Page 377 Eyewitness Testimony......Page 378 Learning to Remember......Page 380 Use Mnemonics......Page 381 BOX: Say All Fast Minute Each Day Shuffle......Page 382 Try a Mnemonic System......Page 383 Use Context Cues......Page 384 Use Prompts......Page 385 A Final Word on Forgetting......Page 386 BOX: The Man Who Couldn’t Forget......Page 388 Review Questions......Page 389 Query Answers......Page 391 CHAPTER 12 The Limits of Learning......Page 392 Physical Characteristics......Page 393 Nonheritability of Learned Behavior......Page 394 Heredity and Learning Ability......Page 396 Neurological Damage and Learning......Page 397 BOX: Recipe for Genius......Page 399 Critical Periods......Page 400 Preparedness and Learning......Page 401 BOX: Learning and Humanity......Page 405 Conclusion......Page 406 Review Questions......Page 407 Practice Quiz......Page 408 Query Answers......Page 409 Glossary......Page 410 References......Page 417 Author Index......Page 442 Subject Index......Page 448 THE LEARNING WORKBOOK: A workbook to accompany Learning and Behavior......Page 456 Contents......Page 458 Preface......Page 462 Natural Selection......Page 464 Nature via Nurture......Page 465 Measuring Learning......Page 466 Research Designs......Page 467 Animal Use......Page 472 Basic Procedures......Page 474 Measuring Pavlovian Learning......Page 475 Variables Affecting Pavlovian Conditioning......Page 476 Extinction of Conditional Responses......Page 479 Theories of Conditioning......Page 480 Fear......Page 482 Advertising......Page 483 Paraphilias......Page 484 Drug Overdose Deaths......Page 485 Basic Procedures......Page 486 Discrete Trial and Free Operant Procedures......Page 487 Operant and Pavlovian Learning Compared......Page 488 Variables Affecting Reinforcement......Page 489 Extinction of Reinforced Behavior......Page 490 Theories of Reinforcement......Page 491 Simple Schedules......Page 492 Intermittent Reinforcement and the PRE......Page 493 Complex Schedules......Page 495 Choice and the Matching Law......Page 496 Importance of Schedules Research......Page 497 Basic Procedures......Page 498 Theories of Punishment......Page 499 Alternatives to Punishment......Page 500 Overview......Page 502 Self-Control......Page 503 Phobia......Page 505 Interpreting Behavior......Page 506 Variables Affecting Observational Learning......Page 508 Theories of Observational Learning......Page 510 Applications and Interpretations......Page 511 Generalization......Page 512 Discrimination......Page 514 Theories of Generalization and Discrimination......Page 515 Applications and Interpretation of Behavior......Page 516 The Memory Store......Page 518 Defining and Measuring Forgetting......Page 519 Final Word on Forgetting......Page 521 Heredity and Learning Ability......Page 522 Conclusion......Page 523 References......Page 524 LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR: ACTIVE LEARNING EDITION, Sixth Edition, is stimulating, interactive, and filled with high-interest queries and examples that will help you succeed in your course. Based on the theme that learning is a biological mechanism that aids survival, this book embraces a scientific approach to behavior but is written in a lucid, clear language that you will find engaging and easy to understand. The workbook, which is included at the back of every text, is like having a built-in study companion! The workbook focuses on the core concepts and vocabulary presented in the text, giving you an opportunity to master the content before your next exam. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I share scienctific and mathematical ebooks/textbooks to help students and curious minds. If you like my uploads/torrents then support me my seeding, sharing, commenting and rating them :) https://kickass.so/user/Charm-Quark/uploads/ P.S. 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