INDONESIAN KERONCONG MUSIC . COMPLETE . OLD SONGS

Keroncong is the name of a kind of musical instrument ukulele as well as the name of musical genre that uses the typical Indonesian keroncong musical instruments, flute, and a female singer. Music Kroncong arrived in Indonesia around 1512, at the Portuguese expedition leader Alfonso de Albuquerque came to Malacca and the Moluccas in 1512. The root of keroncong derived from similar Portuguese music known as Faldo which was introduced by the sailors and the slave trade ship of the nation since 16th centuries to the archipelago. From mainland India (Goa), this music was first hop in Malacca and then played by the slaves of the Moluccas. The weakening of influence of the Portuguese in the 17th century in the archipelago is not the necessarily mean losing this music.

This early form of music called Moresco (a dance from Spain, like polka rather slow rhythm), where one of the songs by Kusbini rearranged now known as Kr. Muritsku, accompanied by stringed instruments. Keroncong music from Tugu monument called keroncong Tugu.

In the process, enter the number of the traditional elements of the archipelago, such as the use of the flute as well as some components of the gamelan. In the 19th century musical form this mixture has been popular in many parts of the archipelago, even down to the Malay Peninsula. This golden era continued until around 1960, and then faded due to influx of popular music (rock music that developed since 1950, and the group berjayanya Beatles music and the like since 1961 until now). Nonetheless, keroncong music is still played and enjoyed by all walks of life in Indonesia and Malaysia until now.

Keroncong more inclined to the chord progressions and the type of equipment used. Since the mid-20th century has been known for at least three kinds of keroncong, which can be recognized from the chord progression patterns. For musicians who already understand the plot, accompanied the songs keroncong actually not difficult, because simply adjust the prevailing pattern. Development is done by maintaining the consistency of the pattern. In addition, there are also forms the mixture and adaptation.

In its earliest form, moresco accompanied by stringed, violin, ukulele, and cello. Percussion is also sometimes used. Set orchestra of this kind are still used by keroncong monument, forms keroncong still played by the Portuguese community of descendants of slaves who live in Kampung Ambon Monument, North Jakarta, which later evolved to the south in Kemayoran and Gambir by Betawi people mingle with music Tanjidor (year 1880-1920). 1920-1960 year development center moved to Solo, and adapt to a slower rhythm according to the nature of the Javanese.

Indigenization keroncong mix of art making, with musical instruments such as:

• Indian gitar
• Fiddle
• Bamboo flute
• Drum, kenong, and saron as a set of gamelan
• Gong.

Currently, musical instruments used in the orchestra keroncong covers:

• Choke ukulele, stringed 3 (nylon), tone sequence is G, B and E; as the main instrument that voiced crong - crong so-called keroncong (discovered in 1879 in Hawaii, and is a milestone early onset keroncong music)

• Cak ukulele, strings 4 (steel), tone sequence A, D, Fis, and B. So when other musical instruments to play scales C, cak play on scales F (known as in F);

• Acoustic guitar as the guitar melody, played with style kontrapuntis (anti melody);

• Violin (replacing fiddle)

• Flute (replacing Bamboo Flute), the Old Days Era wear Flute Albert (black wooden flute with holes and valves, somewhat broken voice, orchestra example Lief Java), while in the Era of Eternal Kroncong been wearing Böhm flute (flute metal all the valves , more refined sound with ornaments beautiful tone, Sunarno flutis example of Solo or Beny Waluyo of Jakarta);

• Kontrabas (menggantikan Gong)

• Selo; betot replacing the drum, also never changed since made by Amati and Stradivarius of Cremona Italy in 1600, just in kroncong played typical plucked / pizzicato;

Rhythm guards held by ukulele and bass. Contrapuntist guitar and cello which regulate rhythmic chord transition. Violin serves as a melody guide, as well as decorations / ornaments down. Flute fill top decoration, floating melodies fill the empty space.

Keroncong shapes mixed with popular music now use a single organ and synthesizer to accompany keroncong (in stage-paced party single organ can play keroncong, dangdut, rock, polka, march).
Keroncong shapes mixed with popular music now use a single organ and synthesizer to accompany keroncong songs (in stage-paced party single organ can play keroncong, dangdut, rock, polka, march).

One of the Indonesian leaders who have a significant contribution in raising keroncong is the father Gesang. The man from the city of Surakarta (Solo) is even get compensation for each year of the Japanese government for successfully introducing keroncong there. One of the most famous song is Bengawan Solo. Because of devotion that, by Gesang nicknamed "Buaya keroncong" by Indonesian keroncong man, called for expert keroncong music. Gesang call rhythm kroncong the opera PERIOD (1880-1920), which develops in Jakarta (Tugu, Kemayoran, and Gambir) as Quick Kroncong; whereas after development center moved to Solo (MASA kroncong ABADI: 1920-1960) became slower rhythm.