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1. Informed Consent ............................................................. 1 Peter A. Plumeri Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 Principles .................................................................................................... 1 Method ....................................................................................................... 1 Exceptions .................................................................................................. 2 2. Conscious Sedation and Monitoring ................................. 3 Philip E. Jaffe Introduction ............................................................................................... 3 Indications and Contraindications .............................................................. 4 Equipment and Accessories ......................................................................... 6 Technique ................................................................................................... 8 Outcome .................................................................................................... 9 Complications .......................................................................................... 10 3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis .................................................... 11 Gregory Zuccaro, Jr. Introduction ............................................................................................. 11 Infection in Areas Remote from the Gastrointestinal Tract ........................ 11 Infection in the Area of Endoscopic Manipulation .................................... 14 Special Cases ............................................................................................. 16 4. Principles of Endoscopic Electrosurgery ......................... 18 Rosalind U. van Stolk Introduction ............................................................................................. 18 Current Characteristics and Tissue Effect .................................................. 18 Monopolar Electrosurgery ........................................................................ 19 Bipolar Electrosurgery ............................................................................... 20 Non-Contact Electrosurgery (Argon Plasma Coagulation) ........................ 20 5. The Benign Esophagus.................................................... 22 James M. Gordon Anatomy ................................................................................................... 22 Esophagitis ............................................................................................... 22 6. Malignant Esophagus ...................................................... 38 Steven J. Shields Introduction ............................................................................................. 38 Incidence/Epidemiology ........................................................................... 38 Etiology/Risk Factors ................................................................................ 39 Clinical Presentation ................................................................................. 39 Laboratory Evaluation ............................................................................... 40 Diagnostic Evaluation ............................................................................... 40 Staging of Esophageal Tumors ................................................................... 41 Treatment of Esophageal Cancer ............................................................... 42 Survival ..................................................................................................... 46 7. Esophageal Manometry................................................... 48 Brian Jacobson, Nathan Feldman and Francis A. Farraye Introduction ............................................................................................. 48 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................... 48 Indications and Contraindications ............................................................ 49 Equipment and Accessories ....................................................................... 50 Technique ................................................................................................. 50 Outcomes ................................................................................................. 52 Complications .......................................................................................... 55 8. Twenty-Four Hour pH Testing ........................................ 58 Brian Jacobson, Nathan Feldman and Francis A. Farraye Introduction ............................................................................................. 58 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................... 58 Indications ................................................................................................ 58 Equipment and Accessories ....................................................................... 59 Technique ................................................................................................. 60 Outcomes ................................................................................................. 63 Complications .......................................................................................... 65 9. Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies ...................................... 67 Patrick G. Quinn Epidemiology ............................................................................................ 67 Presentation .............................................................................................. 67 History ..................................................................................................... 67 Physical Exam ........................................................................................... 67 Initial Radiographic Evaluation ................................................................. 67 Indications for Removal ............................................................................ 68 Options for Removal, Nonendoscopic ...................................................... 69 Options for Removal, Endoscopic ............................................................. 70 Options if Unable to Remove Foreign Body at Endoscopy ........................ 73 10. Endoscopic Therapy for Nonvariceal Acute Upper GI Bleeding .......................................................... 75 Peder J. Pedersen and David J. Bjorkman Introduction ............................................................................................. 75 Anatomy ................................................................................................... 75 Evaluation of Patient with UGIB .............................................................. 75 Indications/Contraindications for Endoscopy in UGIB ............................ 77 Endoscopy Equipment .............................................................................. 77 Endoscopic Findings ................................................................................. 78 Rebleeding Rates ....................................................................................... 78 Endoscopic Therapy and Management of UGIB ...................................... 78 Complications .......................................................................................... 80 11. Endoscopic Management of Lower GI Bleeding ............. 82 Sammy Saab and Rome Jutabha Introduction ............................................................................................. 82 Indications for Colonoscopy During Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage .................................................................. 82 Contraindications ..................................................................................... 82 Patient Preparation ................................................................................... 82 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................... 83 Equipment ................................................................................................ 83 Accessories for Hemostasis ........................................................................ 83 Technique ................................................................................................. 84 Outcome .................................................................................................. 84 Complications .......................................................................................... 85 12. Endoscopic Management of Variceal Bleeding ................ 87 John S. Goff Introduction ............................................................................................. 87 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................... 87 Indications for Endoscopic Therapy .......................................................... 88 Contraindication to Endoscopic Therapy of Bleeding Varices ................... 88 Equipment ................................................................................................ 88 Technique ................................................................................................. 89 Outcome of Endoscopic Therapy for Bleeding Varices .............................. 91 Complication of Endoscopic Therapy for Bleeding Varices ....................... 91 13. Lasers in Endoscopy........................................................ 93 Mark H. Mellow Diseases Treated by Endoscopic Laser Therapy .......................................... 95 14. Endoscopy of the Pregnant Patient ............................... 103 Laurence S. Bailen and Lori B. Olans Introduction ........................................................................................... 103 Indications .............................................................................................. 103 EGD2..................................................................................................... 103 ERCP2 ................................................................................................... 104 Technique ............................................................................................... 104 Medication Safety ................................................................................... 104 Preparation ............................................................................................. 104 Drugs Used as Premedications and During Endoscopy ........................... 105 Monitoring ............................................................................................. 106 Results and Outcomes of Endoscopy During Pregnancy ......................... 106 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 15. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy .................. 110 Richard C. K. Wong and Jeffrey L. Ponsky Introduction ........................................................................................... 110 Indications .............................................................................................. 110 Contraindications ................................................................................... 110 Technique ............................................................................................... 110 Feeding and Local Care ........................................................................... 112 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Replacement ...................... 113 Complications ........................................................................................ 114 Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy .................................................... 117 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................ 117 16. Small Bowel Endoscopy ................................................ 118 Jeffery S. Cooley and David R. Cave Introduction ........................................................................................... 118 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................. 118 Indication and Contraindication ............................................................. 118 Equipment, Endoscopes, Devices and Accessories ................................... 119 Technique ............................................................................................... 121 Outcome ................................................................................................ 123 Complications ........................................................................................ 123 Summary ................................................................................................ 124 17. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy................................................. 125 Richard C.K. Wong and Jacques Van Dam Introduction ........................................................................................... 125 Relevant Anatomy .................................................................................. 125 Indications .............................................................................................. 126 Contraindications ................................................................................... 126 Endoscope .............................................................................................. 126 Preparing the Patient ............................................................................... 126 Technique ............................................................................................... 128 18. Colonoscopy ................................................................. 131 Douglas K. Rex Introduction ........................................................................................... 131 Practical Colonoscopic (Endoscopic) Anatomy ....................................... 131 Indications .............................................................................................. 131 Contraindications ................................................................................... 133 Equipment .............................................................................................. 134 Accessories .............................................................................................. 135 Complications ........................................................................................ 138 Technique ............................................................................................... 141 Findings ................................................................................... Sharing Widget |
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