Enneagram - Lucia Monica Inserra - Brief types descriptions [Spanish,Romanian,English](2007)XviDAC3-JVaLaMaLiNi.avi

The Enneagram of Personality, or simply the Enneagram (from the Greek words ἐννέα [ennea, meaning "nine">
and γράμμα [gramma, meaning something "written" or "drawn"), is a model of human personality which is
principally understood and taught as a typology of nine interconnected personality types. Although the
origins and history of many of the ideas and theories associated with the Enneagram of Personality are a
matter of dispute, contemporary Enneagram understandings are principally derived from the teachings of
Oscar Ichazo and Claudio Naranjo. Naranjo's theories were partly influenced by some earlier teachings of
G. I. Gurdjieff. As a typology the Enneagram defines nine personality types (sometimes referred to as
"enneatypes"), which are represented by the points of a geometric figure called an enneagram, which, it
is believed, also indicate some of the connections between the types. There are different schools of
thought among Enneagram teachers, therefore their ideas on some theoretical aspects are not always in
agreement.

The Enneagram of Personality has been widely promoted in both business management and spiritual contexts
through seminars, conferences, books, magazines, and DVDs. In business contexts it is generally
used as a typology to gain insights into workplace dynamics; in spirituality it is more commonly presented
as a path to higher states of being, essence, and enlightenment. It has been described as a method for
self-understanding and self-development.

The Enneagram has been criticized as being pseudoscience and subject to interpretation, making it
difficult to test or validate scientifically and as "an assessment method of no demonstrated reliability
or validity". The skeptic Robert Todd Carroll has characterized the Enneagram as an example of a
pseudoscientific theory that "can't be tested because they are so vague and malleable that anything
relevant can be shoehorned to fit the theory".